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PloS One 2013Alpha-tocopherol is the main vitamin E compound in humans, and has important antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to study...
OBJECTIVE
Alpha-tocopherol is the main vitamin E compound in humans, and has important antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to study alpha-tocopherol concentrations and their relationship to disease activity in Norwegian multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
METHODS
Prospective cohort study in 88 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, originally included in a randomised placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids (the OFAMS study), before and during treatment with interferon beta. The patients were followed for two years with repeated 12 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and nine serum measurements of alpha-tocopherol.
RESULTS
During interferon beta (IFNB) treatment, each 10 µmol/L increase in alpha-tocopherol reduced the odds (CI 95%) for simultaneous new T2 lesions by 36.8 (0.5-59.8) %, p = 0.048, and for combined unique activity by 35.4 (1.6-57.7) %, p = 0.042, in a hierarchical regression model. These associations were not significant prior to IFNB treatment, and were not noticeably changed by gender, age, body mass index, HLA-DRB1*15, treatment group, compliance, or the concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, retinol, neutralising antibodies against IFNB, or the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The corresponding odds for having new T1 gadolinium enhancing lesions two months later was reduced by 65.4 (16.5-85.7) %, p = 0.019, and for new T2 lesions by 61.0 (12.4-82.6) %, p = 0.023.
CONCLUSION
During treatment with IFNB, increasing serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol were associated with reduced odds for simultaneous and subsequent MRI disease activity in RRMS patients.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gadolinium; HLA-DRB1 Chains; Humans; Interferon-beta; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 23349882
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054417 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Feb 2018A study of herd-level risk factors for calf mortality in large Swedish dairy herds showed low serum concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in 1-7 day old...
BACKGROUND
A study of herd-level risk factors for calf mortality in large Swedish dairy herds showed low serum concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in 1-7 day old calves to be more common in high mortality herds. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if calf mortality risk at herd level is associated with concentrations of α-tocopherol and/or β-carotene at individual level in feed, colostrum, cow and calf serum, while controlling for herd level covariates. Inclusion criteria were affiliation to the Swedish official milk recording scheme, herd size of ≥ 120 milking cows/year, calf mortality risk (day 1-90) of at least 6% (high mortality; HM) or less than 1% (low mortality; LM) and located within one of two regions in southern Sweden. This cross-sectional study was performed in 2010 in 19 (n = 9; n = 10) dairy herds. Questionnaires were used to collect information about feed and routines for colostrum feeding. Feed (n = 57), colostrum (n = 162), cow serum (n = 189) and calf serum samples (n = 187) were collected and analysed for α-tocopherol and β-carotene. Other analyses e.g. total serum protein, fat content, and total solids in colostrum were also performed. Linear regression models with vitamin concentrations in feed, colostrum, cow and calf serum as outcome were performed.
RESULTS
Calves in HM herds had lower concentrations of α-tocopherol in serum than calves in LM herds, but the effect depended on total protein status in serum of the calf (P = 0.036). Calves from herds that fed transition milk for 3 days or more had higher α-tocopherol concentrations in serum than calves from herds feeding transition milk up to 2 days (P = 0.013). Fat percentage in colostrum was positively associated with α-tocopherol (P < 0.001) and β-carotene concentrations in colostrum (P < 0.001). A diet containing ≥ 20% (in kg dry matter) maize silage of the total ration was negatively associated with β-carotene concentration in cow serum (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
High calf mortality risks were associated with lower concentrations of α-tocopherol in calf serum for calves with failure of passive transfer. Feeding transition milk longer was associated with higher concentrations of α-tocopherol in calf serum. In HM herds, evaluation of the calves' α-tocopherol status is recommended.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Colostrum; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dairying; Female; Linear Models; Mortality; Sweden; alpha-Tocopherol; beta Carotene
PubMed: 29391014
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0361-0 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2006Despite a large number of previous studies, the mechanism of free radical interaction between vitamin E (VE) (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol) and ascorbate...
Despite a large number of previous studies, the mechanism of free radical interaction between vitamin E (VE) (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol) and ascorbate or flavonoids as coantioxidants remains unclear. VE, particularly alpha-tocopherol, shows less antioxidant activity against peroxyl radicals, suggesting that VE possesses functions that are independent of its antioxidant/radical-scavenging activity. The synergistic antioxidant effect of VE or L-ascorbyl 2,6-dibutyrate (ASDB, an ascorbate derivative) with the flavonoids (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was investigated using the induction period method in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by thermal decomposition of benzoyl peroxide (an oxygen-centered radical, PhCOO*) under nearly anaerobic conditions. For delta-tocopherol, a synergistic antioxidant effect was observed in the presence of both EC and EGCG, whereas antioxidant activity for alpha-, beta- and gamma-tocopherol was decreased by addition of EC and EGCG. This suggested that the partial regeneration between VE and flavonoids may depend on the chemical structure of VE, i.e., monomethyl, dimethyl, or trimethyl tocol. The regeneration of delta-tocopherol, a monomethyl tocol, by flavonoids may be due to the lower steric effect of tocol. For ASDB, regeneration of vitamin E, which is well-known for a VE/ascorbate mixture, was not observed, possibly due to the anaerobic experimental conditions. The radical interaction between VE and EC, EGCG or ASDB suggests reactivity of VE with biological systems.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Benzoyl Peroxide; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Catechin; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Kinetics; Methylmethacrylate; Molecular Structure; Polymers; Tocopherols; Vitamin E
PubMed: 17203774
DOI: No ID Found -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2022Arbequina monovarietal extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) was fractionated through a multi-step dry fractionation method. Three of the isolated fractions were selected and...
Arbequina monovarietal extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) was fractionated through a multi-step dry fractionation method. Three of the isolated fractions were selected and analyzed: one being liquid at 4 °C, and two being solid at 4 °C, and at 12 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) techniques were employed to monitor the polymorphic crystallization and transformation processes when samples were cooled from the melt to complete crystallization and reheated at a rate of 2 °C/min. Fatty acid profiles and α-tocopherol contents were also determined for EVOO and associated fractions. Each sample exhibited a different and unique crystallization and polymorphic behavior, and the number of crystallizing forms and complexity of transitions increased for solid fractions. In more detail, just two polymorphs (β'-2L and β'-2L) were detected in the liquid fraction, whereas the fraction which remained in the solid state at 12 °C exhibited six different phases (α-2L; β'-2L; β'-2L; β'-2L; β'-3L; β'-3L). These dissimilarities were strongly correlated with meaningful variations in the fatty acid moieties forming TAG structures and caused large deviations in the crystallization and melting temperatures. As an example, melting temperatures of the liquid and the solid fraction at 12 °C were about -3 °C and 17 °C, respectively. It may be worth exploring the potential of EVOO fractions to be used for improving properties of food stuff, among others. The liquid fraction may be of interest due to its high nutritional value owing to elevated contents in monounsaturated fats and antioxidants, whereas the solid fraction at 12 °C may become a good choice to be used as a high-oleic soft fat.
Topics: Olive Oil; Chemical Fractionation; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Antioxidants; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 36461201
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111945 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022The annual production of cocoa is approximately 4.7 million tons of cocoa beans, of which only 10% corresponds to the cocoa bean and the remaining value corresponds to a... (Review)
Review
The annual production of cocoa is approximately 4.7 million tons of cocoa beans, of which only 10% corresponds to the cocoa bean and the remaining value corresponds to a high number of residues, cocoa bean shell, pulp and husk. These by-products are a source of nutrients and compounds of notable interest in the food industry as possible ingredients, or even additives. The assessment of such by-products is relevant to the circular economy at both environmental and economic levels. Investigations carried out with these by-products have shown that cocoa husk can be used for the production of useful chemicals such as ketones, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, furans, heterocyclic aromatics, alkylbenzenes, phenols and benzenediols, as well as being efficient for the removal of lead from acidic solutions, without decay in the process due to the other metals in this matrix. The fibre present in the cocoa bean shell has a considerable capacity to adsorb a large amount of oil and cholesterol, thus reducing its bioavailability during the digestion process, as well as preventing lipid oxidation in meats, with better results compared to synthetic antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene and β-tocopherol). Finally, cocoa pulp can be used to generate a sweet and sour juice with a natural flavour. Thus, this review aimed to compile information on these by-products, focusing mainly on their chemical and nutritional composition, simultaneously, the various uses proposed in the literature based on a bibliographic review of articles, books and theses published between 2000 and 2021, using databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ScieLO, PubMed and ResearchGate.
Topics: Chocolate
PubMed: 35268725
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051625 -
Cancer Research May 2009Previous studies suggest that carotenoids and tocopherols (vitamin E compounds) may be inversely associated with prostate cancer risk, yet little is known about how they... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Previous studies suggest that carotenoids and tocopherols (vitamin E compounds) may be inversely associated with prostate cancer risk, yet little is known about how they affect prostate cancer progression and survival. We investigated whether serum alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinol concentrations, or the alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene trial supplementation, affected survival of men diagnosed with prostate cancer during the alpha-Tocopherol, beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial testing the effects of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol supplements on cancer incidence in adult male smokers in southwestern Finland (n = 29,133). Prostate cancer survival was examined using the Kaplan-Meier method with deaths from other causes treated as censoring, and using Cox proportional hazards regression models with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for family history of prostate cancer, age at randomization, benign prostatic hyperplasia, age and stage at diagnosis, height, body mass index, and serum cholesterol. As of April 2005, 1,891 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 395 died of their disease. Higher serum alpha-tocopherol at baseline was associated with improved prostate cancer survival (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-1.00), especially among cases who had received the alpha-tocopherol intervention of the trial and who were in the highest quintile of alpha-tocopherol at baseline (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.20-0.90) or at the 3-year follow-up measurement (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71). Serum beta-carotene, serum retinol, and supplemental beta-carotene had no apparent effects on survival. These findings suggest that higher alpha-tocopherol (and not beta-carotene or retinol) status increases overall prostate cancer survival. Further investigations, possibly including randomized studies, are needed to confirm this observation.
Topics: Aged; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Neoplasms; Vitamin A; alpha-Tocopherol; beta Carotene
PubMed: 19383902
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4640 -
Brain Sciences Jul 2023Dietary constituents may affect the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of dietary intake of vitamins and minerals to...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Dietary constituents may affect the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of dietary intake of vitamins and minerals to the severity, motor and non-motor symptoms, and risk of PD.
METHODS
In this case-control study, 120 patients with PD and 50 healthy participants participated. Dietary intake of vitamins and minerals was determined using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. The severity of PD was determined by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).
RESULTS
Patients with PD had lower intake of several vitamins and minerals including lycopene, thiamine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, magnesium, zinc, manganese, selenium, chromium, and phosphorus, but had higher intake of α-tocopherol. High dietary intake of vitamin A, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, and α-tocopherol were correlated with increased odds of PD. High intake of lycopene, thiamin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, magnesium, zinc, manganese, chromium, and phosphorous correlated with reduced odds of PD. The predictive power of α-tocopherol concerning the risk of PD was stronger relative to other vitamins. Dietary intake of pantothenic acid was negatively correlated with PD severity and symptoms of motor examination and complication. The severity and motor symptoms of PD were also negatively correlated with β-carotene, vitamin C, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and biotin intake. The UPDRS total score and motor symptoms in PD patients were negatively correlated with phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and chromium, and strongly with potassium intake.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that adequate dietary intake of vitamins and minerals may have a preventive effect on developing PD and progression of motor decline.
PubMed: 37509049
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071119 -
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics Aug 2020The accumulation of unpaired α-globin chains in patients with β-thalassemia major may clinically create ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, and chronic anemia....
BACKGROUND
The accumulation of unpaired α-globin chains in patients with β-thalassemia major may clinically create ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, and chronic anemia. Multiple blood transfusions and iron overload cause cellular oxidative damage. However, α-tocopherol, an antioxidant, is a potent scavenger of lipid radicals in the membranes of red blood cells (RBCs) of patients with β-thalassemia major.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the effects of α-tocopherol on hemolysis and oxidative stress markers on the RBC membranes of patients with β-thalassemia major.
METHODS
Forty subjects included in this randomized controlled trial were allocated to the placebo and α-tocopherol groups. Doses of α-tocopherol were based on Institute of Medicine recommendations: 4-8 years old, 200 mg/day; 9-13 years old, 400 mg/day; 14-18 years old, 600 mg/day. Hemolysis, oxidative stress, and antioxidant variables were evaluated before and after 4-week α-tocopherol or placebo treatment, performed before blood transfusions.
RESULTS
Significant enhancements in plasma haptoglobin were noted in the α-tocopherol group (3.01 mg/dL; range, 0.60-42.42 mg/dL; P=0.021). However, there was no significant intergroup difference in osmotic fragility test results; hemopexin, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), or oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels; or GSH/GSSG ratio.
CONCLUSION
Use of α-tocopherol could indirectly improve hemolysis and haptoglobin levels. However, it played no significant role in oxidative stress or as an endogen antioxidant marker in β-thalassemia major.
PubMed: 32668823
DOI: 10.3345/cep.2019.00542 -
Nutrition and Cancer 2013Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer in men in the United States. Several studies have examined the relationship between prostate cancer and... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer in men in the United States. Several studies have examined the relationship between prostate cancer and antioxidants; however, the results of these studies are inconsistent. This article provides a systematic review of studies on prostate cancer and antioxidant intake from diet and supplements. Tea and coffee appear to offer protection against advanced prostate cancer. Different forms of vitamin E appear to exert different effects on prostate cancer, with alpha-tocopherol potentially increasing and gamma-tocopherol potentially decreasing risk of the disease. There is no strong evidence for a beneficial effect of selenium, vitamin C, or beta-carotene, whereas lycopene appears to be negatively associated with risk of the disease. The effect of dietary antioxidants on prostate cancer remains undefined and inconclusive, with different antioxidants affecting prostate cancer risk differentially. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between antioxidants and prostate cancer risk and to delineate the underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Coffee; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Lycopene; Male; Polyphenols; Prostatic Neoplasms; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Selenium; Tea; United States; alpha-Tocopherol; beta Carotene; gamma-Tocopherol
PubMed: 23909722
DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.806672 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Dec 1997To study if long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene is associated with cataract prevalence and severity. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
To study if long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene is associated with cataract prevalence and severity.
METHODS
An end-of-trial random sample of 1828 participants from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study. The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study was originally designed to examine whether supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene would reduce the incidence of lung cancer in male smokers. The participants for this study lived in Helsinki City or Uusimaa province and were at entry to the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study 50 to 69 years old and smoked at least 5 cigarettes per day. They received alpha-tocopherol 50 mg/day, beta-carotene 20 mg/day, a combination of the two, or placebo supplements for 5 to 8 years (median 6.6 years). Outcome measures were: cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataract, differentiated and quantified with lens opacity classification system (LOCS II). Lens opacity meter provided a continuous measure of cataract density.
RESULTS
Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene was not associated with the end-of-trial prevalence of nuclear (odds ratio 1.1 and 1.2, respectively), cortical (odds ratio 1.0 and 1.3, respectively), or posterior subcapsular cataract (odds ratio 1.1 and 1.0, respectively) when adjusted for possible confounders in logistic model. Neither did the median lens opacity meter values differ between the supplementation groups, indicating no effect of alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene on cataract severity.
CONCLUSION
Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene for 5 to 8 years does not influence the cataract prevalence among middle-aged, smoking men.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Antioxidants; Cataract; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Finland; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Vitamin E; beta Carotene
PubMed: 9527321
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00620.x